跳跃英语现在分词，大学英语口语 高级 3

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• 1、跳跃英语现在分词，大学英语口语 高级 3
• 2、大学英语口语 高级 3

1、跳跃英语现在分词，大学英语口语 高级 3

英语初学者们都见过 jump 这个泛指“跳”的单词，我们今天将 为大家介绍包括 jump 在内表示“跳”这个动作的四个词语，以及它们之间的区别。简单来说，skip 的意思是“轻快地小步跳”；hop 常用的意思包括“用单腿跳”和“像小动物那样蹦蹦跳跳”，还可以指“迅速上下车”；leap 描述“充满力量的跳跃”这类动作。

那么，这四种“跳”之间有什么区别呢？如果我们想用英语说“跳绳”这项体育运动，应该选择哪个词语呢？游戏“跳房子”的英语名称是由这四个单词中的哪一个和单词“scotch 划在地上的线” 组成的？

首先，这四个表示“跳”的词语都能做名词使用。例如，我们可以把“a jump”、“a hop”、“a skip”和“a leap” 粗略地理解为“一次跳跃”，但它们具体的“跳法”却不同。让我们先来看一下英语初学者都学过的单词“jump”。

电影《泰坦尼克号》里的男主角说过一句经典台词：“You jump. I jump. 你跳，我就跳。”这里，动词“jump”泛指“双脚离地，向空中弹起”的动作。例如：

1) The jaguar jumped onto the back of its prey. 这只美洲豹跳到了其猎物的背上。

2) The burglar escaped by jumping out of the window. 入室窃贼跳出窗外逃跑了。

上面的例句中，“jump”是不及物动词，在提供“从哪里跳，跳到哪里去”等信息时，后面接相应的介词和宾语。但是 jump 在具体指“跃过某个物体”时也可以做及物动词，后面省略“over”或“across”等介词，直接加表示“障碍”的名词。例如：

1) The athlete jumped over the hurdles.

2) The athlete jumped the hurdles.

这两句话的意思都是“这名运动员跳过了跨栏”，“jump”在两句话中分别做不及物和及物动词。Jump 除了指 “全身跳起”的动作之外，还可以用来形容“因受到惊吓而不禁猛然一动”。咱们通过一个例句来体会。 例如：

· The sound of your sneezing made me jump. 你打喷嚏的声音吓了我一跳。

在这个句子中，我并没有真正地“跳”起来，而是因为突然听到打喷嚏的声音而不由得“浑身一颤”。

那么，skip 指哪种“跳”呢？我们可以通过想象一个小孩子开心地蹦蹦跳跳的样子，来理解它所指的具体动作。Skip 通常来描述“小步地跳，轻快地跳”。在英式英语中，“跳绳”这项运动就叫“skipping”，而跳绳所用的工具就是“skipping rope”。此外，skip 做动词还有另一个常见的意思，表示“跳过、省略”，是在口语中常使用的及物动词。例如：

1) The kid is skipping down the street with an ice-cream in her hand. 那个孩子手里拿着冰淇淋，在街上一蹦一跳地走着。

2) She hummed a light-hearted tune as she skipped along the beach. 她那时一边哼着轻快的小曲，一边沿着沙滩边走边跳。

3) The ticket for the castle was too expensive, so I skipped it and moved on to the next attraction. 参观城堡的门票价格太贵了，所以我就直接去了下一个景点。

接下来让我们看看 hop 这个词。名词 hopscotch 是孩子们喜欢玩的“跳房子”，根据游戏规则需要，参与者有时应该用同一条腿向前跳跃。日常生活中，我们也能用 hop 来表示“单腿跳”。例如：

· I hurt my ankle, so I had to hop all the way home. 我把脚踝扭伤了，所以只能一路单腿蹦回家。

Hop 还可以指“兔子、鸟等小型动物双足或齐足向前跳”。

· The bunny is hopping around in the grass. 这只小兔子正在草丛间蹦蹦跳跳。

在很多城市中有一种特色的旅游观光车，乘客根据需要可以随时上下车，这种巴士的名称是“hop-on, hop-off bus”。这里用“hop”是因为我们在口语中还会使用它来表示“迅速上下车”的意思。例如：

A: Could you give me a ride home?

B: Sure. Hop on!

最后，咱们来看单词 leap 在表示“跳跃”时的意思。先让我们通过例句来区分 leap 和 skip 及 hop 之间最大的不同。

1) I leapt to catch the falling vase. 我纵身一跃，想要接住正在倒下的花瓶。

2) When the balloon popped, my cat leapt out of my arms and ran upstairs. 气球破了，发出一声巨响，我的猫瞬间从我的臂弯一跃而出，跑上了楼。

通过这两个例句，不难看出，leap 所指的“跳”和“skip 轻快地跳”和“hop 单腿跳”不同，leap 形容“纵身一跃，骤然一跳”，这个动作通常需要更大的力量，而且更加突然。 另外，每四年一度的“闰年”在英语里的说法是“leap year”，这是一个固定搭配。

关于这四个表示“跳”的单词我们来总结一下它们作为动词的含义：jump 泛指一切“跳跃”的动作，通常做不及物动词，而在做及物动词时表示“跃过障碍物”；skip 的意思是“轻快地小步跳”；hop 常用的意思包括“用单腿跳”和“小动物蹦蹦跳跳”，在口语使用中可以指“上下车”；最后，单词 leap 用来描述“充满力量的跳跃”这类动作。

希望我们的解释对大家的英语学习有所帮助。如果你在英语学习中遇到疑问，欢迎和我们联系。更多英语学习，硕士考研和出国留学信息，请登陆hansonedu了解详细信息。瀚森教育专注英语教学，为您提供最新最全的英语学习信息。

2、大学英语口语 高级 3

Lesson 3

Should the Brain Drain Be Stopped by ?

Text

Brain Drain

It is said that Shanghai's musicians abroad could form a worldclass symphony orchestra.

But the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra once failed to find a conductor for a whole year!

A similar situation exists in science, medicine and sports circles.

Stopping the outflow of talent depends on creating a sound domestic environment rather than simply setting up barriers for those who wish to go abroad.

A handful of people go abroad to seek a comfortable life. But most Chinese intellectuals emigrate because they cannot bring their talent into full play in their motherland.

Many conductors trairied by the Shanghai of Music have gone abroad either because they cannot find jobs in symphony orchestras due to the competition for places, or because they cannot develop themselves in orchestras where comes only by way of seniority.

We face a keen shortage of talent, but one of gifted people after another have gone abroad". The situation is grim.

It is impossible to improve the conditions for all intellectuals by a wide . But it is possible for governments. at all levels to create a better environment for their development.

The outflow of talent is a loss to our nation as well as a pressuse forcing us to the environment for the taleated.

II. Read

Read the following passages. Underline the important viewpoints while reading.

l. Give Students More I.eeway

Ten years ago, the Shanghai Public Security Bureau issued four passports each day. Now the staff must work long hours to process more than 1, 000 a day.

People's Daily reports that more than 70,000 Chinese students and scholars are now studying abroad with still more ready to go.

While many people are worried about the brain drain problem, the article said that whatever the of students who leave, there is no doubt that they cherish a deep feeling towards the motherland.

It has been suggested that people who fail to returnon time should be granted "temporary leave from their posts" to encourage them to return at any time.

Among those who joined the recent rush abroad, more than half went to further their studies and keep up with the latest academic achievements. According to a survey conducted among some 7, 000 scientific researchers in Shanghai, 82 per cent believed that their experiences abroad were "fruitful". Half said they had made headwayin their work.

Meanwhile, they said they continued to follow with great concern the development of their country's economic reforms. Ascholar with a from 1 Iew York University had written over 100, 000 words of suggestions to the Chinese central government, the article reported.

Loneliness was found to be the worst enemy of thestudents living away from their families and homeland.

The brain drain from developing to developed countries is an international

phenomenon. In China, backward management and distribution systems, together with poor living and working conditions, have led to the departure of many intellectuals.

"After my graduation from university, I have spent four years in my office reading a newspaper with a cup of tea every day I want to go abroad to start a new life, " said a 25-year-old technical worker who was waiting for a visa from the Japanese .

Some students and scholars had stayed in foreign countries beyond their time limit for one reason or another. For this thoy had been labelled unpatriotic.

But People's Daily called for more trust and understanding of those students.

A scholar studying and working at an American university said he would return to China as soon as his daughter finished secondary school in the US.

A young scholar at a Shanghai research institute said he could not manage to conduct research with a meagre State allocation of 2, 000 yuan a year. In America, he can get $ 24, 000 a yeat' for use in research, so he to stay on after getting his degree.

In such cases, most work units back in China dismiss those who fail to return on time. This hurts the feelings of many who are willing to return later, the article said.

At the same time, those who do return face a job problem.

China,s employment and personnel system prevents some from using the skills and knowledge they have acquired abroad.

Ai Xiaobai, with a PhD in Physics, wrote to il institutions of higher learning in China. Two of them refused him and the others did not even answer him. Just before deciding to go back to America, he was hired by a Chinese research institute which knew of him.

2. Personal Progress and Job-

In many parts of the world, personal influence is almost essential in getting ahead. One needs a "godfather? a "sponsor". Here that is not true. Naturally all people use influence sometimes, but one rarely advances far on that basis alone in the United States. Here traits which lead to success are generally considered to be the willingness to work hard (at any kind of job), scholarship or skill, initiative, an agreeable and outgoing personality. In other words even in the realm of personal progress, this is a "do-it-yourself" society. By and large, success is neither

inherited nor . This means, therefore, that our employment practices are different from those in many other countries.

In some nations it is considered disloyal to quit a job; deep reciprocal exist between employee and employer (recipient and "patron?in many cases); lifelong job security and family honor are frequently involved.

This is not.true in the United States. "Job-hopping" is part of our constant . We consider it a " right " to be able to better ourselves, to move upward, to jump from company to company if we can keep qualifying for more responsible (and therefore better) jobs.

This interchangeability of personnel seems unreasonable to some members of foreign nations. Where are our roots? How can we be so cold and ? "We act,?some say, as if we were with machines, not humans. ?They do not understand that a great many Americans like to move about. New jobs present new challenges, new opportunities, new friends, new experiences-often a new part of the country.

The employer may be quite content too. Perhaps he has had the best of that man's thinking; a new person may bring in fresh ideas, improved skills, or new abilities. Then, too, a newcomer will probably start at a lower salary for he will have no seniority. Hopping is so readily accepted here, in fact, that a good man may bounce back and among two or three corporations, being welcomed back to his original company more than once through his career, each time at a different level.

3. Residents Go Overseas to Seek Their Fortunes

Shanghai has become a favourite investment spot with foreigners eager

to get a financial foothold in China.

And with the development of its export-oriented economy, the city looks set to become an international trade and financial centre on the west bank of the Pacific Ocean.

But many Shanghai people are not content simply to sit and wait for the foreigners to come to them-they want to go abroad themselves to try their luck.

The Shanghainese have a reputation for being able to find work the world over. Before the founding of New China in 1949, hundreds of thousands of them were trading throughout the world.

In the 1950s and 1960s when the country was pursuing its closeddoor policy, hundreds of factories, research institutes and universities--involving more than 1 million people-were moved from Shanghai into the inland areas to support the nation's construction. Now,people with Shanghai accents can be found all over the country.

The current policy of developing the export-oriented economy in the areas has the Shanghai people's desire to head off for foreign parts.

And, according to the Shanghai-based Jiefang Daily, the best way for them to do this is to engage in business or provide labour and technical services to other countries.

Shanghai has too many people chasing too few jobs, so this surplus labour force could solve the labour shortages which exist in some other parts of the world.

Workers' monthly wages abroad can be 100 times what they are in China-although the cost of Iiving is likely to be much higher in some countrtes.

Furthermore, while working overseas, the Chinese workers would get the chance to learn advanced technology and to become entrepreneurs and specialists, thus promoting trade and economic co-operation between China and other countries.

Jiefang Daily suggests locai authorities should take the following measures to promote exports of labour:

Set up labour service groups to undertake contractual projects abroad. Shanghai workers have taken part in many overseas projects in the past, such as construction of railways, factories and other buildings. With their high reputation, they would be a force to be reckoned with on the world labour market.

Estahlish employer-employee introduction offices. Drivers, repairmen, nurses, housemaids, hairdressers, cooks and workers involved in gardening and construction are in great demand in many countries and these offices could provide training and act as a bridge between employers and employees.

Encourage peopie to look for jobs themselves. As many Shanghai residents have relatives overseas, they could easily get help in finding work abroad.

Promote co-operation between the State and individuals. If local people are encouraged to work abroad, workers with special skills would flow out of the country, thus creating a brain drain. To solve the problem, consideration must be given to both State and private interests. When workers go abroad at their own expense, the enterprises they work for should give them treatment when they return. While working overseas, the workers should help their enterprises open up to the world market.

Shanghai residents have strong to expand their living space and they are good at trading. But first priority should be given to entrepreneurs who are brave enough to journey out into the world and build success.

Before the founding of new China, a number of world-renowned figures such as magnate Pao Yue Kang and the computer king Wang An were raised in Shanghai. It is expected that a group of new magnates will emerge when Shanghai entrepreneurs enter the world economy.

Now that Shanghai is capable of building 100, 000-ton-class and manufacturing sophisticated precision building machines, powerful , colour televisions and bicycles, there is no reason why the city could not create a group of world-class shipping kings, building machine kings and bicycle kings.

With a solid industrial foundation and technical force, Shanghai could also set up factories and shops overseas to compete with foreign counterparts. Shanghai-made brands, very popular at home now, will surely capture a slice of the world market if sales promotion is emphasized.

Shanghai produces quality cloth shoes of good workmanship. But its exports are $ 1. 1 billion , only half of Taiwan's total, due to the neglect of sales promotion overseas.

Shanghai boasts numerous specialists in the fields of science, technology,culture and education. These experts could earn a good deal of foreign exchange for the State if technical services were offered to countries that badly need skilled workers in industries.

The city can also directly export technology and software and contract scientific research projects abroad, as it possesses advantages in the fields of laser, optical fibre, microelectronics and biological engineering technology.

1

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

2

adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的参考例句：

• He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
• We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。

3

n.温室，音乐学院；adj.保存性的，有保存力的参考例句：

• At the conservatory,he learned how to score a musical composition.在音乐学校里，他学会了怎样谱曲。
• The modern conservatory is not an environment for nurturing plants.这个现代化温室的环境不适合培育植物。

4

n.提升，晋级；促销，宣传参考例句：

• The teacher conferred with the principal about Dick's promotion.教师与校长商谈了迪克的升级问题。
• The clerk was given a promotion and an increase in salary.那个职员升了级，加了薪。

5

n.一批(组，群)；一批生产量参考例句：

• The first batch of cakes was burnt.第一炉蛋糕烤焦了。
• I have a batch of letters to answer.我有一批信要回复。

6

n.页边空白；差额；余地，余裕；边，边缘参考例句：

• We allowed a margin of 20 minutes in catching the train.我们有20分钟的余地赶火车。
• The village is situated at the margin of a forest.村子位于森林的边缘。

7

v.使优化 [=optimise]参考例句：

• We should optimize the composition of the Standing Committees.优化人大常委会组成人员的结构。
• We should optimize our import mix and focus on bringing in advanced technology and key equipment.优化进口结构，着重引进先进技术和关键设备。

8

n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 )参考例句：

• to impeach sb's motives 怀疑某人的动机
• His motives are unclear. 他的用意不明。

9

n.(大学授予的)博士学位参考例句：

• He hasn't enough credits to get his doctorate.他的学分不够取得博士学位。
• Where did she do her doctorate?她在哪里攻读博士？

10

adj.不讲道理的，不合情理的，过度的参考例句：

• I know that they made the most unreasonable demands on you.我知道他们对你提出了最不合理的要求。
• They spend an unreasonable amount of money on clothes.他们花在衣服上的钱太多了。

11

n.领事馆参考例句：

• The Spanish consulate is the large white building opposite the bank.西班牙领事馆是银行对面的那栋高大的白色建筑物。
• The American consulate was a magnificent edifice in the centre of Bordeaux.美国领事馆是位于波尔多市中心的一座宏伟的大厦。

12

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

13

adj.无理性的，失去理性的参考例句：

• After taking the drug she became completely irrational.她在吸毒后变得完全失去了理性。
• There are also signs of irrational exuberance among some investors.在某些投资者中是存在非理性繁荣的征象的。

14

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

15

n. 跳跃 动词hop的现在分词形式参考例句：

• The clubs in town are really hopping. 城里的俱乐部真够热闹的。
• I'm hopping over to Paris for the weekend. 我要去巴黎度周末。

16

赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 )参考例句：

• It was a title bestowed upon him by the king. 那是国王赐给他的头衔。
• He considered himself unworthy of the honour they had bestowed on him. 他认为自己不配得到大家赋予他的荣誉。

17

n.忠诚( loyalty的名词复数 )；忠心；忠于…感情；要忠于…的强烈感情参考例句：

• an intricate network of loyalties and relationships 忠诚与义气构成的盘根错节的网络
• Rows with one's in-laws often create divided loyalties. 与姻亲之间的矛盾常常让人两面为难。 来自《简明英汉词典》

18

n.可动性，变动性，情感不定参考例句：

• The difference in regional house prices acts as an obstacle to mobility of labour.不同地区房价的差异阻碍了劳动力的流动。
• Mobility is very important in guerrilla warfare.机动性在游击战中至关重要。

19

adj.残忍的，不人道的，无人性的参考例句：

• We must unite the workers in fighting against inhuman conditions.我们必须使工人们团结起来反对那些难以忍受的工作条件。
• It was inhuman to refuse him permission to see his wife.不容许他去看自己的妻子是太不近人情了。

20

n.经商方法，待人态度参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

21

adv.向前；向外，往外参考例句：

• The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
• He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。

22

n.社会主义者；adj.社会主义的参考例句：

• China is a socialist country,and a developing country as well.中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。
• His father was an ardent socialist.他父亲是一个热情的社会主义者。

23

adj.海岸的，沿海的，沿岸的参考例句：

• The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
• This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。

24

a.刺激的参考例句：

• The exhibition has stimulated interest in her work. 展览增进了人们对她作品的兴趣。
• The award has stimulated her into working still harder. 奖金促使她更加努力地工作。

25

adj.赞成的，称赞的，有利的，良好的，顺利的参考例句：

• The company will lend you money on very favourable terms.这家公司将以非常优惠的条件借钱给你。
• We found that most people are favourable to the idea.我们发现大多数人同意这个意见。

26

强烈的愿望( aspiration的名词复数 )； 志向； 发送气音； 发 h 音参考例句：

• I didn't realize you had political aspirations. 我没有意识到你有政治上的抱负。
• The new treaty embodies the aspirations of most nonaligned countries. 新条约体现了大多数不结盟国家的愿望。

27

n.船运（发货，运输，乘船）参考例句：

• We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
• There's a shipping charge of ￡5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。

28

n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人参考例句：

• The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

29

n.发电机，发生器( generator的名词复数 )；电力公司参考例句：

• The factory's emergency generators were used during the power cut. 工厂应急发电机在停电期间用上了。
• Power can be fed from wind generators into the electricity grid system. 电力可以从风力发电机流入输电网。 来自《简明英汉词典》

30

adv.一年一次，每年参考例句：

• Many migratory birds visit this lake annually.许多候鸟每年到这个湖上作短期逗留。
• They celebrate their wedding anniversary annually.他们每年庆祝一番结婚纪念日。

31

adj.高科技的参考例句：

• The economy is in the upswing which makes high-tech services in more demand too.经济在蓬勃发展，这就使对高科技服务的需求量也在加大。
• The quest of a cure for disease with high-tech has never ceased. 人们希望运用高科技治疗疾病的追求从未停止过。

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